Global environment and factors affecting the salary of the CEO (chief executive officer) of a goods producing firm: an Econometric modeling approach using STATA

The flattening of the world thanks to the cluster of profound socio-economic and politico-cultural changes has created unprecedented challenges for organizational leadership and management. The fast evolving global world of ours where challenges have to be continually met requires timely decision taken by CEOs’ (Chief Executive Officers) who shape and give direction to world politics and economic order. In the light of this we have studied the decisions taken by CEOs’ of goods producing firms’ and their decisions on firm’s productivity and profitability which in turn depend to a great deal on CEOs’ salary structure. Better salary leads to influx of people from all over the world often leading to brain drain situation in developing countries. Globalization has created social disparities in the present economic system that are molded by the increasing polarization of work between people working in high paid knowledge sectors and others working in low paid sectors. Prior research has suggested that in a global environment capitalists benefit from other capitalists who pay higher salaries from the expansion of income. The salary data of 177 CEOs’ (Chief Executive Officers) for the year 1990 – published in the Business Week of June 6, 1991 has been analyzed to determine and correlate the effects of sales, market value (mktval), profit and CEOs’ tenure (ceoten) on the CEOs’ salary. The performance of goods producing firms where the CEOs’ served has been found to be strongly correlated with their salary intakes. The basic purpose of this research and study is to analyze the deciding factor in the salaries of top executives. The CEOs’ are the policy makers in all government and non-governmental organizations and their decision-taking greatly influences the performances of their institution. CEOs’ performance with respect to their salaries and other variables mentioned above is found to be the deciding factor as regards policy execution matters in goods producing firm’s performances.Econometric model; multicollinearity; STATA10; elasticity; employment tenure and market value

Satanism: Introduction and Critical Examination of its Beliefs under the Light of Islamic Teachings

Modern Satanism was founded by Anton Lavey. He described the methodology of Satanic religious rituals, wrote various books on Satanism, and also founded the Church of Satan. Levey's book "The Satanic Bible" is considered as the Holy book by all Satanists. Nine Satanic statements mentioned in the Satanic Bible are given importance as the basic beliefs or principles of this religion. Satanists represent self-centeredness. They believe in retaliating more forcefully than in forgiveness or equality in matters and consider the forgiver as weak. Islam tells that if one takes revenge, take the amount s/he were wronged, and if one are patient, it is better. Satanists do not distinguish between humans and animals and sometimes consider human as God. They favor all sins because they provide physical, mental or emotional satisfaction. Satanists present Satan as the Messiah for mankind. While Allah Ta'ala said in the Holy Qur'an, which means don't follow the path of Satan, he commands you to do evil and obscenity, he also wants to include us among the inmates of Hellfire. Satan is an arch enemy, so one should also consider him as enemy. If people follow the ideas of Satanism, then the law and order will be lost in the society. Everyone will do what he wants, sins will be common. Therefore, it is natural to have riots wherever people with this ideology are found

Sidhwa’s Feministic Thought in Ice-Candy-Man: A Feministic Study in the Light of Religion and Social Laws

This work is an analysis of Bapsi Sidhwa’s novel Ice-Candy-Man. The main purpose of this paper is to show or underlying the problems of women in the novel. The novel shows the real picture of the era that how the males behave with the women. Bapsi Sidhwa presents disobedience of human rights and bad conditions during the partition of subcontinent in 1947. Through this character of Lenny, Sidhwa provides the scene of how the political changes affect the people of Subcontinent. The novel really represents the scene that how women suffer at that time and they spent their time. Men using their mind powers to fulfill the needs and use women in negative way, all stress on women. Sidhwa as a writer tells about the power mind and skills of women. So we use feministic theory to analyze this novel. Feminism is a progress which plays a very massive role in highlighting the problems of women. So there is inequality in society and women are suppressed by the hands of men. Bapsi Sidhwa shows the real happening of society and a pain full truth.

CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR IN TOURISM INDUSTRY OF PAKISTAN

This study focuses on the consumer behavior (CB) in travel and tourism industry of Pakistan. The aim of this paper was to identify determinants that have an impact on consumer behavior in travel and tourism industry around Pakistan. This study deals with different determinants that will help to understand changing consumer behavior in travel and tourism industry. Literature is reviewed for this purpose. Simple random sampling technique is used to collect data from 50 respondents. The study reveals that growth in tourism industry of Pakistan can establish new ways of businesses in the country which ultimately leads to revenue generation, job opportunity and foreign investments. Key words: Consumer Behavior (CB), tourism, tourism, revenue generatio

Association of Vitamin B-12 Deficiency with use of metformin in diabetic patients.

Objective: To find out the frequency of vitamin B12 deficiency in patients with type II diabetes mellitus using metformin.  Methodology: Ninety two patients were involved after getting informed consent. This cross – sectional study was done at department of Medicine, Nishtar Hospital, Multan.  HbA1c, body mass index and blood pressure and deficiency for vitamin B12 was assessed by using electro-chem-iluminescence immunoassay method. B12 levels were categorized as normal (>220pg/ml), possibly deficient (150 to 220 pg/ml) and definitely deficient (<150pg/ml). Neuropathy was assessed and was classified by using Toronto clinical scoring system by the researcher himself. All the data was subjected to statistical analysis using computer software SPSS version 23. Continuous variables were analyzed by their mean and standard deviation while quantitative variables were analyzed by frequency and percentages. Chi square test was applied and P value less than or equal to 0.05 was taken as significant.  Results: Mean Serum B-12 levels were 378.42±161.27 pg/ml and 488.90±147.02 pg/ml in metformin and non-metformin groups, respectively. The difference was statistically significant (p=0.001). The patients who were possibly deficient and definitely deficient were 15 (28.30%) and 5 (9.43%) in metformin group and were significantly more (p=0.006) than non-metformin group i.e. 4 (10.26%) and 0. The mean Toronto Neuropathy Score was statistically different (p<0.001) between metformin group (6.03±1.73) and non-metformin group (4.13±1.75). The patients who had mild neuropathy and moderate neuropathy were 23 (43.39%) and 5 (9.43%) in metformin group, while 6 (15.38%) and 2 (5.13%) in non-metformin group. Statistically, both the groups were significantly different (p=0.005). Conclusion: At the end of this study conclusion can be made that metformin use for type II diabetes mellitus is strongly associated with vitamin B12 deficiency and worsening of already susceptible neuropathy. Keywords: vitamin B12, Type II diabetes mellitus, neuropathy. DOI: 10.7176/JMPB/68-06 Publication date:December 30th 202